Subsidy Tracker: Industry Summary Page
Major Industry:
private equity (including portfolio companies)
Subsidy Total:
$3,407,427,107
Number of Awards:
3,319
Time Period:
Earliest year of data: 1988. Availability of data for earlier years varies greatly from program to program. The majority of the listings for this industry are for the period since 2011.
Notes:
The dollar total above adjusts for the fact that there is an overlap between the amounts in one or more Megadeal entries and those of one or more of the other entries. The total includes only those entries matched to a parent company. The industry designation is the primary one for the parent's operations overall. Dollar totals do not include awards for which no subsidy value is disclosed.
| Top 10 Parent Companies | Total Subsidy $ | Number of Awards |
|---|---|---|
| Apollo Global Management | $621,104,537 | 166 |
| Riverstone Holdings | $470,847,933 | 71 |
| Energy Capital Partners | $248,706,974 | 46 |
| Blackstone | $159,681,961 | 63 |
| Cerberus Capital Management | $145,651,931 | 100 |
| Bridgewater Associates | $145,000,000 | 2 |
| Onex | $142,728,768 | 75 |
| Searchlight Capital | $135,000,000 | 3 |
| Mid Oaks Investments | $130,260,586 | 29 |
| EQT AB | $121,287,896 | 46 |
Individual Subsidy Records:
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| Company | Parent | Location | Subsidy Source |
Year |
Subsidy Value | Loan/Bailout Value | Type of Subsidy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Corporation | Apollo Global Management | Nebraska | state | 1999 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| BMC Software Texas LP | Bain Capital | Texas | state | 1999 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| DFW/Wheatland-PETsMART | BC Partners | Texas | local | 1999 | $28,921 | property tax abatement | |
| Sithe Energies Fore River Energy Plant/Sithe Edgar LLC | Blackstone | Massachusetts | state | 1999 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Sithe Mystic Development | Blackstone | Massachusetts | state | 1999 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Compuware Corp. | Thoma Bravo | Michigan | multiple | 1999 | $100,000,000 |
MEGADEAL  |
|
| Noramco, Inc. | SK Capital Partners | Ohio | state | 1999 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| PETsMART, Inc. | BC Partners | Ohio | state | 1999 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| American Stores Properties, Inc. | Cerberus Capital Management | Illinois | Local | 1999 | $5,600,000 | tax increment financing | |
| Coldwater Creek | Sycamore Partners Management | Idaho | state | 1998 | $27,400 | training reimbursement | |
| Tower Automotive Operations USA I, LLC (f/k/a R. J. Tower Corporation) | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Kentucky | state | 1998 | $3,000,000 | tax credit/rebate | |
| Remington Arms Company, Inc. | Cerberus Capital Management | Kentucky | state | 1998 | $1,000,000 | tax credit/rebate | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE PLYMOUTH INC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE-PICHER AUTOMOTIVE/HILLSDALE TOOL | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE PICHER AUTOMOTIVE | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TRYLON CORP. | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC. | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| IMCO RECYCLING OF MICHIGAN LLC | Oaktree Capital Management | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| MAMMOTH INC | Melrose Industries | Michigan | local | 1998 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| Bergdorf Goodman, Inc. | Ares Management | New York | local | 1998 | $430,688 | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement | |
| Standard Fruit & Vegetable | KKR & Co. | Texas | local | 1998 | $5,240 | property tax abatement | |
| VeriFone, Inc. | Francisco Partners | Florida | state | 1998 | $468,600 | tax credit/rebate | |
| Bergdorf Goodman, Inc. | Ares Management | New York | local | 1998 | $455,954 | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement | |
| DiverseyLever | Bain Capital | Ohio | state | 1998 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| GKN Driveline Bowling Green, Inc. | Melrose Industries | Ohio | state | 1998 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Attachmate Corporation | Golden Gate Capital | Ohio | state | 1998 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| HCR Manor Care Services, LLC et al. | Carlyle Group | Ohio | state | 1998 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| ADCO PRODUCTS | American Securities LLC | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| IMCO RECYCLING OF MICHIGAN | Oaktree Capital Management | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE INC. | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| INTERAMERICAN ZINC INC. | Oaktree Capital Management | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE MICHIGAN LTD | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| PIONEER METAL FINISHING INC. | Aterian Investment Partners | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| GREENFIELD DIE & MANUFACTURING CORPORATION | MiddleGround Capital | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| U.S. FILTER CORPORATION | AEA Investors | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| PIONEER METAL FINISHING INC. | Aterian Investment Partners | Michigan | local | 1997 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| Hancor, Inc. | American Securities LLC | Florida | state | 1997 | $728,330 | grant | |
| Staples, Inc. | Sycamore Partners Management | Massachusetts | state | 1997 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Rexall Sundown, Inc. | Carlyle Group | Florida | state | 1997 | $750,000 | tax credit/rebate | |
| Barnes & Noble, Inc. | Elliott Management | New Jersey | state | 1997 | $337,680 | grant | |
| Dialogic Corporation | TowerBrook Capital Partners | New Jersey | state | 1997 | $861,600 | grant | |
| Borden Chemical | Apollo Global Management | Ohio | local | 1997 | undisclosed | enterprise zone | |
| Corporate Express (printing) | Sycamore Partners Management | North Carolina | state | 1997 | $300,000 | grant | |
| Gates Rubber | Blackstone | North Carolina | state | 1997 | $400,000 | grant | |
| Tower Automotive Products Company, Inc. | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Ohio | state | 1997 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. | Apollo Global Management | Ohio | state | 1997 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Coldwater Creek | Sycamore Partners Management | Idaho | state | 1996 | $16,725 | training reimbursement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE INC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE PLYMOUTH INC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE PICHER AUTOMOTIVE | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE-PICHER AUTOMOTIVE/HILLSDALE TOOL | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE-PICHER IND. INC. TRIM DIV. | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE PICHER AUTOMOTIVE HILLSDALE TOOL DIV. | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| C & H DESIGN | MiddleGround Capital | Michigan | local | 1996 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| West Corporation | Apollo Global Management | Nebraska | state | 1996 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Corporate Express of the East, Inc. | Sycamore Partners Management | Massachusetts | state | 1996 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Peterson Spring | MiddleGround Capital | Massachusetts | state | 1996 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Hancor, Inc. | American Securities LLC | Florida | state | 1996 | $180,000 | tax credit/rebate | |
| Medina Blanking, Inc. | MiddleGround Capital | Ohio | state | 1996 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Sectional Die Company | MiddleGround Capital | Ohio | state | 1996 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| GKN Sinter Metals, LLC | Melrose Industries | Ohio | state | 1996 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Remington Arms Company, Inc. | Cerberus Capital Management | North Carolina | state | 1996 | $150,000 | grant | |
| Pet Smart Inc. | BC Partners | Illinois | Local | 1996 | $800,000 | tax increment financing | |
| Tower Automotive Operations USA I, LLC (f/k/a R. J. Tower Corporation) | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Kentucky | state | 1995 | $45,000,000 | tax credit/rebate | |
| EAGLE PICHER-HILLSDALE TOOL DIVISION | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1995 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE INC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1995 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1995 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1995 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE TOOL LLC | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1995 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| Danaher Tool Group | Bain Capital | Massachusetts | state | 1995 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Sectional Stamping, Inc. | MiddleGround Capital | Ohio | state | 1995 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| U.S. FILTER CORPORATION | AEA Investors | Michigan | local | 1994 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE MICHIGAN LTD | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1994 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE-PICHER AUTOMOTIVE/HILLSDALE TOOL DIV. | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1994 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| EAGLE PICHER AUTOMOTIVE/HILLSDALE TOOL | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1994 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| Trugreen | Clayton Dubilier & Rice | Virginia | local | 1994 | $40,000 | grant | |
| McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. | Apollo Global Management | Ohio | state | 1994 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| Toledo Technologies | American Securities LLC | Ohio | state | 1994 | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate | |
| ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1993 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1993 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| ESCANABA PAPER COMPANY | Apollo Global Management | Michigan | local | 1993 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| DIVERSEY CORPORATION | Bain Capital | Michigan | local | 1993 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| TOWER AUTOMOTIVE-ROMULUS | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1993 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| ADCO PRODUCTS INC. | American Securities LLC | Michigan | local | 1993 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| GKN | Melrose Industries | North Carolina | state | 1993 | $240,408 | grant | |
| KALAMAZOO STAMPING & DIE COMPANY | KPS Capital Partners, LP | Michigan | local | 1992 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| JL FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE CASTINGS INC | Onex | Michigan | local | 1992 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| DIVERSEY CORPORATION | Bain Capital | Michigan | local | 1992 | undisclosed | property tax abatement | |
| Armstrong Hardwood Flooring Company (f/n/a Hartco Flooring Company) | American Industrial Partners | Kentucky | state | 1989 | $5,400,000 | tax credit/rebate | |
| Perstorp Polyols | PAI Partners | Ohio | local | 1988 | undisclosed | enterprise zone | |
| BARNES & NOBLE COLLEGE BOOKSELLERS, LLC | Elliott Management | New Jersey | state | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement | ||
| CHARLOTTE RUSSE, INC. | Advent International | New Jersey | state | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement | ||
| COVANTA ESSEX COMPANY | EQT AB | New Jersey | state | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement | ||
| DURO BAG MANUFACTURING CO. | Wind Point Partners | New Jersey | state | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement | ||
| FIVE BELOW, INC. | Advent International | New Jersey | state | undisclosed | tax credit/rebate; property tax abatement |
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